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The safety profile of Thyrogen as an adjunctive treatment for radioiodine ablation of thyroid tissue remnants following thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer did not differ from that of Thyrogen for diagnostic purposes.
Summary of adverse reactions with Thyrogen and thyroid hormone withdrawal in pooled clinical trials (≥ 1% of patients in any phase)
Post-marketing experience indicates that Thyrogen administration may cause transient (<48 hours) influenza-like symptoms, also called flu-like symptoms (FLS), which may include fever (>100°F/38°C), chills/shivering, myalgia/arthralgia, fatigue/asthenia/malaise, headache (nonfocal), and chills.
Manifestations of hypersensitivity to Thyrogen have been reported in the post-marketing settings, and include urticaria, rash, pruritus, flushing, and respiratory signs and symptoms. Injection site reactions, including pain, erythema, bruising, and pruritus have also been reported in the post-marketing setting.
Information from post-marketing surveillance and from the literature suggests that elimination of Thyrogen is slower in patients with end-stage renal disease who are dialysis-dependent, resulting in prolonged elevation of TSH levels. Patients with end-stage renal disease who receive Thyrogen may have prolonged elevation of TSH levels.
Thyrogen is given as a 0.9 mg injection into the muscle of the buttock for two consecutive days.
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Important Safety Information and Indications
Important Safety Information and Indications
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
CONTRAINDICATIONS
If Thyrogen is administered with radioiodine, the contraindications to radioiodine also apply to this combination regimen. Refer to the radioiodine prescribing information for a list of contraindications for radioiodine.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Thyrogen-Induced Hyperthyroidism:
- There have been reports of death in non-thyroidectomized patients and in patients with distant metastatic thyroid cancer in which events leading to death occurred within 24 hours after administration of Thyrogen. Caution should be exercised in patients who have substantial thyroid tissue still in situ or functional thyroid cancer metastases, specifically in the elderly and those with a known history of heart disease.
- Hospitalization for administration of Thyrogen and post-administration observation in patients at risk should be considered.
Stroke:
- There are post marketing reports of stroke in young women with risk factors for stroke, and neurological findings suggestive of stroke (e.g., unilateral weakness) occurring within 72 hours of Thyrogen administration in patients without known central nervous system metastases. The relationship between Thyrogen administration and stroke is unknown. Patients should be well-hydrated prior to treatment with Thyrogen.
Sudden Rapid Tumor Enlargement:
- Sudden, rapid and painful enlargement of residual thyroid tissue or distant metastases can occur following treatment with Thyrogen. Pretreatment with glucocorticoids should be considered for patients in whom tumor expansion may compromise vital anatomic structures.
Risks Associated with Radioiodine Treatment:
- If Thyrogen is administered with radioiodine (RAI), the warnings and precautions for RAI apply to this combination regimen. Refer to the RAI prescribing information for a full list of the warnings and precautions for RAI.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
The most common adverse reactions reported in clinical trials were nausea and headache.
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
Pregnancy:
- If Thyrogen is administered with radioiodine, the combination regimen is contraindicated in pregnant women.
- Available data with Thyrogen use in pregnant women are insufficient to evaluate for a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes.
Lactation:
- The concomitant use of Thyrogen and radioiodine (RAI) is contraindicated in lactating women. If Thyrogen is administered with RAI for diagnostic use, discontinue breastfeeding after RAI administration because of the potential for serious adverse reactions from RAI in the breastfed infant.
- If Thyrogen is not administered with RAI, the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Thyrogen and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child. There are no available data on the presence of thyrotropin alfa in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production.
Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
Geriatric Use: Results from controlled trials do not indicate a difference in the safety and efficacy of Thyrogen between adult patients less than 65 years and those over 65 years of age.
Renal Impairment: Elimination of Thyrogen is significantly slower in dialysis-dependent end stage renal disease patients, resulting in prolonged elevation of TSH levels.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Thyrogen® (thyrotropin alfa) is a thyroid stimulating hormone indicated for:
Adjunctive Diagnostic Tool for Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Use as an adjunctive diagnostic tool for serum thyroglobulin (Tg) testing with or without radioiodine imaging in the follow-up of patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer who have previously undergone thyroidectomy.
Limitations of Use:
- Thyrogen-stimulated Tg levels are generally lower than, and do not correlate with Tg levels after thyroid hormone withdrawal.
- Even when Thyrogen-Tg testing is performed in combination with radioiodine imaging, there remains a risk of missing a diagnosis of thyroid cancer or underestimating the extent of the disease.
- Anti-Tg Antibodies may confound the Tg assay and render Tg levels uninterpretable.
Adjunct for Thyroid Remnant Ablation in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Use as an adjunctive treatment for radioiodine ablation of thyroid tissue remnants in patients who have undergone a near-total or total thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer and who do not have evidence of distant metastatic thyroid cancer.
Limitations of Use:
- The effect of Thyrogen on thyroid cancer recurrence greater than 5 years post-remnant ablation has not been evaluated.
Click here for full Prescribing Information
References
1) Thyrogen (thyrotropin alfa for injection) Package Insert. Cambridge, MA. Genzyme Corporation, March 2020
Important Safety Information and Indications
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
CONTRAINDICATIONS
If Thyrogen is administered with radioiodine, the contraindications to radioiodine also apply to this combination regimen. Refer to the radioiodine prescribing information for a list of contraindications for radioiodine.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Thyrogen-Induced Hyperthyroidism:
- There have been reports of death in non-thyroidectomized patients and in patients with distant metastatic thyroid cancer in which events leading to death occurred within 24 hours after administration of Thyrogen. Caution should be exercised in patients who have substantial thyroid tissue still in situ or functional thyroid cancer metastases, specifically in the elderly and those with a known history of heart disease.
- Hospitalization for administration of Thyrogen and post-administration observation in patients at risk should be considered.
Stroke:
- There are post marketing reports of stroke in young women with risk factors for stroke, and neurological findings suggestive of stroke (e.g., unilateral weakness) occurring within 72 hours of Thyrogen administration in patients without known central nervous system metastases. The relationship between Thyrogen administration and stroke is unknown. Patients should be well-hydrated prior to treatment with Thyrogen.
Sudden Rapid Tumor Enlargement:
- Sudden, rapid and painful enlargement of residual thyroid tissue or distant metastases can occur following treatment with Thyrogen. Pretreatment with glucocorticoids should be considered for patients in whom tumor expansion may compromise vital anatomic structures.
Risks Associated with Radioiodine Treatment:
- If Thyrogen is administered with radioiodine (RAI), the warnings and precautions for RAI apply to this combination regimen. Refer to the RAI prescribing information for a full list of the warnings and precautions for RAI.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
The most common adverse reactions reported in clinical trials were nausea and headache.
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
Pregnancy:
- If Thyrogen is administered with radioiodine, the combination regimen is contraindicated in pregnant women.
- Available data with Thyrogen use in pregnant women are insufficient to evaluate for a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes.
Lactation:
- The concomitant use of Thyrogen and radioiodine (RAI) is contraindicated in lactating women. If Thyrogen is administered with RAI for diagnostic use, discontinue breastfeeding after RAI administration because of the potential for serious adverse reactions from RAI in the breastfed infant.
- If Thyrogen is not administered with RAI, the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Thyrogen and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child. There are no available data on the presence of thyrotropin alfa in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production.
Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
Geriatric Use: Results from controlled trials do not indicate a difference in the safety and efficacy of Thyrogen between adult patients less than 65 years and those over 65 years of age.
Renal Impairment: Elimination of Thyrogen is significantly slower in dialysis-dependent end stage renal disease patients, resulting in prolonged elevation of TSH levels.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Thyrogen® (thyrotropin alfa) is a thyroid stimulating hormone indicated for:
Adjunctive Diagnostic Tool for Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Use as an adjunctive diagnostic tool for serum thyroglobulin (Tg) testing with or without radioiodine imaging in the follow-up of patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer who have previously undergone thyroidectomy.
Limitations of Use:
- Thyrogen-stimulated Tg levels are generally lower than, and do not correlate with Tg levels after thyroid hormone withdrawal.
- Even when Thyrogen-Tg testing is performed in combination with radioiodine imaging, there remains a risk of missing a diagnosis of thyroid cancer or underestimating the extent of the disease.
- Anti-Tg Antibodies may confound the Tg assay and render Tg levels uninterpretable.
Adjunct for Thyroid Remnant Ablation in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Use as an adjunctive treatment for radioiodine ablation of thyroid tissue remnants in patients who have undergone a near-total or total thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer and who do not have evidence of distant metastatic thyroid cancer.
Limitations of Use:
- The effect of Thyrogen on thyroid cancer recurrence greater than 5 years post-remnant ablation has not been evaluated.
Click here for full Prescribing Information
References
1) Thyrogen (thyrotropin alfa for injection) Package Insert. Cambridge, MA. Genzyme Corporation, March 2020